Ministers

پرونده parwanda-jɛ case-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. This more generally means ‘profile’ or ‘file.’

اختلاس ɛxtɛlʌs-ɛ embezzlement-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پنج pandʒ five

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

سابق sʌbɛq-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

کابینه kʌbina-jɛ cabinet-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

کرزی karzaj Karzai

به ba to

دادگاه dʌdgʌh court In Dari, محکمه [mahkama].

فرستاده fɛrɛstʌd-a send.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

شد ʃʊd become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i-jɛ prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”). -EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. This is an Iranian word. The Dari equivalent is سارنوالی [saranwʌli], which is originally a Pashtu word.

افغانستان afɣʌnɛstʌn Afghanistan

پرونده‌های parwanda-hʌ-jɛ case-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پنج pandʒ five

تن tan person This is a counting word, like تا or دانه, which is used in Iran when you're counting individuals.

از az from

وزیران wazir-ʌn-ɛ minister-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

سابق sʌbɛq-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

کابینه kʌbina-jɛ cabinet-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

حامد hʌmɛd Hamid

کرزی karzaj Karzai

را rʌ DEFDefinite direct object. This marker is placed after a direct object (i.e., the thing that receives the action of the verb) that is something definite, somewhat like the difference betweeen English “the apple” instead of “an apple.”

به ba to

منظور manzur-ɛ goal-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

بررسی barrasi-jɛ review-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

مجدد mʊdʒadad renewed

به ba to

دادگاه dʌdgʌh-ɛ court-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

عالی ʌli-jɛ high-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

این in this

کشور kɛʃwar country

فرستاده fɛrɛstʌd-a send.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

است ast is

این in this

پنج pandʒ five

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

سابق sʌbɛq previous

به ba to

اختلاس ɛxtɛlʌs embezzlement

و wa and

سو su bad

استفاده ɛstɛfʌda use This is equivalent to English ‘abuse of power.’

از az from

مقام maqʌm-ɛ official-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دولتی dawlat-i government-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”

متهم mʊtaham accused

شده ʃʊd-a become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

اند and 3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “their.”

بصیر basir Basir

عزیزی azizi Azizi

سخنگوی sʊxan-gu-jɛ speech-say-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. As you might be able to guess, this means ‘spokesman.’

افغانستان afɣʌnɛstʌn Afghanistan

در dar in

یک jɛk one

کنفرانس kʊnfɛrʌns-ɛ conference-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

خبری xabar-i news-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”

اسامی asʌmi-jɛ names-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. Arabic plural of اسم [ɛsm].

وزیران wazir-ʌn-ɛ minister-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

متهم mʊtaham accused

اعلام ɛlʌm announcement

کرد kard do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

محمد mʊhamad Muhammad

امین amin Amin

فرهنگ farhang Farhang

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

تجارت tɛdʒʌrat commerce

عنایت‌الله ɛnʌjatʌlʌ Enayatollah

قاسمی qʌsɛmi Qasemi

و wa and

حمیدالله hamidʊlʌ Hamidullah

قادری qʌdari Qadari

وزرای wazarʌ-jɛ ministers-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. Arabic plural of وزیر [wazir]. [The original reads, وزیرای, which we have corrected to وزرای.]

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

حمل haml transportation

و o and

نقل naql communication

صدیق sadiq Sadiq

ایشان eʃʌn Eshan

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

معادن maʔʌdɛn mines Arabic plural of معدن [madan].

و wa and

صنایع sɛnʌjɛ industry

و wa and

جلیل dʒalil Jalil

شمس ʃams Shams

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

اقتصاد ɛqtɛsʌd economy

از az from This means that these people ‘are included’ in the people [who have been accused].

جمله dʒʊmla group

کسانی kas-ʌn-e person-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

است ast is

که ke that

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

آنها ʌnhʌ 3P.PRON

متهم mʊtaham accused

می‌داند me-dʌn-ad CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and the past continuous tense.-know-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

و wa and

پرونده parwanda-jɛ case-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

آنها ʌnhʌ 3P.PRON

به ba to

دادگاه dʌdgʌh court

فرستاده fɛrɛstʌd-a send.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

است ast is

سخنگوی sʊxan-gu-jɛ speech-say-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

همچنین ham-tʃɛnin also-sort

گفت gʊft say.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

که ke that

شماری ʃʊmʌr-e number-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

دیگر digar other

از az from

وزرای wazarʌ-jɛ ministers-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin previous

نیز niz also

پرونده‌هایی parwanda-hʌ-je case-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

دارند dʌr-and have-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “their.”

که ke that

با bʌ with

کامل kʌmɛl complete

شدن ʃʊd-an-ɛ become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-INFInfinitive. This suffix attaches to the past tense stem to make an infinitive, like English to in “to run” or “to swim.”-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پرونده‌های parwanda-hʌ-jɛ case-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. This word could be joined to the next one (پرونده‌هایشان), though writing this suffix separately is not uncommon.

شان ʃʌn 3P

به ba to

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

فرستاده fɛrɛstʌd-a send.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

خواهد xwʌh-ad will-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

شد ʃʊd become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

آقای ʌqʌ-jɛ Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

عزیزی azizi Azizi

می‌گوید me-gu-jad CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and the past continuous tense.-say-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

بر bar on

اساس asʌs-ɛ foundation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

قانون qʌnun law

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

برای barʌjɛ for

رسیدگی rasid-a-gi-jɛ reach.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”). -EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پرونده‌های parwanda-hʌ-jɛ case-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

وزرای wazarʌ-jɛ ministers-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

سابق sʌbɛq previous

خواهان xwʌhʌn-ɛ wanting-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. The idea here is that the special court needs to be formed first.

تشکیل taʃkil-ɛ formation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دادگاه dʌdgʌh-ɛ court-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

ویژه wiʒa special

است ast is

چهار tʃahʌr four

سال sʌl year

پیش peʃ before

نیز niz also

افغانستان afɣʌnɛstʌn Afghanistan

اتهامات ɛtɛhʌm-ʌt-ɛ accusation-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

مشابهی mʊʃʌbɛh-e similar-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

علیه alajh-ɛ against-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

این in this

افراد afrʌd individuals

مطرح matrah explain This word has a technical sense that goes beyond just explaining.

کرد kard do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

اما amʌ but

هیج hetʃ none

دادگاهی dʌdgʌh-e court-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

برای barʌjɛ for

رسیدگی rasidagi investigation

به ba to

این in this

اتهامات ɛtɛhʌm-ʌt accusation-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.

تشکیل taʃkil formation

نشد na-ʃʊd NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

محمد mʊhamad Muhammad

امین amin Amin

فرهنگ farhang Farhang

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

تجارت tɛdʒʌrat commerce

و wa and

یکی jak-e one-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

از az from

این in this

متهمان mʊtaham-ʌn accused-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.

چهار tʃahʌr four

سال sʌl year

قبل qabl before

نیز niz also

وقتی waqt-e time-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.

چنین tʃʊnin such

اتهامی ɛtɛhʌm-e accusation-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

علیه alajh-ɛ against-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

او u 3S

مطرح matrah explain

شد ʃʊd become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

او u 3S

حاضر hʌzɛr present This word can also mean ‘ready, prepared,’ which seems to be the better reading here (since apparently there was never a court formed at which he could be present).

بود bud be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

در dar in

دادگاه dʌdgʌh court

پاسخ pʌsʊx answer

دهد dɛh-ad give-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

اما amʌ but

دادگاهی dʌdgʌh-e court-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

تشکیل taʃkil formation

آقای ʌqʌ-jɛ Mr.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

فرهنگ farhang Farhang

تاکید takid emphasis

می‌کند me-kʊn-ad CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and the past continuous tense.-do-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

که ke that

او u 3S

حالا hʌlʌ now

نیز niz also

حاضر hʌzɛr present

است ast is

در dar in

دادگاه dʌdgʌh court

از az from

خود xʊd own

دفاع dɛfʌ defense

کند kʊn-ad do-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

محمد mʊhamad Muhammad

صدیق sadiq Sadiq

ایشان eʃʌn Eshan

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پیشین peʃin-ɛ previous-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

معدن madan mine

نیز niz also

اتهام ɛtɛhʌm-ɛ accusation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

وارد wʌrɛd entrance

شده ʃʊd-a become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

علیه alajh-ɛ against-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

خود xʊd own

رد rad reject

کرده kard-a do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

و wa and

در dar in

زمانی zamʌn-e time-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.

که ke that

او u 3S

وزیر wazir-ɛ minister-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

معدن madan mine

بود bud be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

هیج hetʃ none

قراردادی qarʌrdʌd-e contract-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

امضا ɛmzʌ signature

که ke that

در dar in

آن ʌn that

اختلاسی ɛxtɛlʌs-e embezzlement-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

صورت surat appearance This means ‘to happen.’

گرفته gɛrɛft-a take.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

باشد bʌʃ-ad be.SUBJ-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

سید sajid Sayeed

انور anwar Anwar

خبرنگار xabarnegʌr-ɛ reporter-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

بی‌بی‌سی bibisi BBC

در dar in

کابل kʌbʊl Kabul

که ke that

با bʌ with

آقایان ʌqʌ-jʌn Mr.-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.

محمد mʊhamad Muhammad

امین amin Amin

فرهنگ farhang Farhang

و wa and

محمد mʊhamad Muhammad

صدیق sadiq Sadiq

ایشان eʃʌn Eshan

مصاحبه mʊsʌhɛba interview

کرده kard-a do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

تلاش talʌʃ attempt

کرد kard do.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

تا tʌ until

با bʌ with

دیگر digar other

متهمان mʊtaham-ʌn accused-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.

نیز niz also

تماس tamʌs connection

بگیرد bɛ-gir-ad SUBJSubjunctive. This prefix attaches to the present tense stem of the verb and turns it into a subjunctive.-take-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

اما amʌ but

موفق mʊwafaq successful

چهار tʃahʌr four

سال sʌl year

پیش peʃ before

نام nʌm-ɛ name-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

حدود hʊdud-ɛ approximately-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

۲۰ bist twenty

تن tan person

از az from

مقام‌های maqʌm-hʌ-jɛ official-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

بلندپایه bʊland-pʌja-je high-post-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

در dar in

فهرستی fɛhrɛst-e catalog-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.

که ke that

از az from

سوی su-jɛ direction-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

مطرح matrah explain

شد ʃʊd become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

وجود wʊdʒud existence

داشت dʌʃt have.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)

اما amʌ but

اکنون aknun now

در dar in

فهرست fɛhrɛst-ɛ catalog-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

اسامی asʌmi-jɛ names-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

اعلام ɛlʌm announcement

شده ʃʊd-a become.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

از az from

سوی su-jɛ direction-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

اسامی asʌmi-jɛ names-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

دیگر digar other

دیده did-a see.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

نمی‌شود na-me-ʃaw-ad NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-CONTContinuous. This is the می [me] prefix that occurs in the simple present tense, and the past continuous tense.-become-3SThird person singular. In English this would be either “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “he,” “she,” or “it.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “his,” “her,” or “its.”

و wa and

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

نیز niz also

توضیح tawzeh-ɛ explanation-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

روشنی ruʃan-e clear-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

در dar in

مورد mawrɛd-ɛ instance-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

افرادی afrʌd-e individuals-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که.

که ke that

چهار tʃahʌr four

سال sʌl year

پیش peʃ before

متهم mʊtaham accused

بودند bud-and be.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “their.”

و wa and

حالا hʌlʌ now

نیستند nist-and be.not-3PThird person plural. In English this would be “they.” When this occurs at the end of a verb, it is showing that the subject of the verb is “they.” When this occurs on a noun, it means “their.”

نداده na-dʌd-a NEGNegative. This makes a verb negative, like not in English, “I am not going.”-give.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

است ast is

پس pas after

از az from

ارجاع ɛrdʒʌ-jɛ referral-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پرونده parwanda-jɛ case-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

کابل‌بانک kʌbʊl-bʌnk Kabul-bank

بعنوان ba-ɛnwʌn-ɛ to-title-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

بزرگترین bʊzʊrg-tar-in large-COMPComparative. This turns “strong” into “stronger.”-SUPERSuperlative. This turns “strong” into “strongest.”

پرونده parwanda-jɛ case-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

فساد fɛsʌd-ɛ corruption-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

مالی mʌl-i property-ADJAdjectivizer. This turns a noun into an adjective. This isn't used much in English but we do have -ous in “joy”→“joyous” or -al in “foundation”→“foundational.”

در dar in

یک jɛk one

دهه daha-jɛ decade-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

گذشته gʊzaʃt-a-jɛ pass.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

افغانستان afɣʌnɛstʌn Afghanistan

بازخوانی bʌz-xwʌn-i-jɛ open/again-read-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”). -EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

پرونده‌های parwanda-hʌ-jɛ case-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

مقامات mʊqʌm-ʌt-ɛ official-PLThe plural marker is used when there is more than one of something.-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

بلندپایه bʊland-pʌja-je high-post-INDEFIndefinite. This changes “dog” into “a dog.”

پیشین peʃin previous

دومین dʊwʊmin second

اقدامی ɛqdʌm-e steps-RELRelativizer. This introduces a relative clause, e.g., “a man who likes sports” or “a book that isn't too long.” A word with this suffix is often followed by که. As noted elsewhere, this word is both the plural of قدم [qadam] and means ‘measure(s)’. Here it makes more sense to English ears to say, “the second measures.”

است ast is

که ke that

دادستانی dʌdsɛtʌn-i prosecutor-NOMNominalizer. This turns a word into an abstract noun, like adding -ness or -y in English (“happy”→“happiness” or “modest”→“modesty”).

در dar in

دوران dawrʌn-ɛ time-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

حکومت hʊkumat-ɛ government-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

وحدت wahdat-ɛ unity-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives.

ملی mɛli national

روی ru-jɛ face-EZThe ezafa marker is a marker that is used to join together nouns and adjectives. This means ‘to work on, to take up.’

دست dast hand

گرفته gɛrɛft-a take.PSTThis identifies the past stem of the verb. (The past stem is used to form past tenses, but also participles.)-PARTThis turns the past stem into a participle.

است ast is